Soil erosion causes and effects pdf files

The primary causes are tillage, grazing, and cutting of timber. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes to the pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands and lakes. Effects of soil erosion on soil properties as related to. Man can also cause soil erosion by such practices as tilling a farmers field or the. The spectacular episodes of erosion, such as the soil blowing on. The water flowing in the rivers and streams tend to eat away the soils along the water systems leading to a vshaped erosive activity. The top soil is loaded with nutrients and organic matter critical for crop growth.

Soil erosion occurs when upper layers of soil are removed from their original location in the process that is either slow and goes unnoticed for long periods of time or can be sudden and cause immediate damage for example. The causes and sources of land erosion generally include activities that. The rates of soil erosion that exceed the generation of new topsoil are a dynamic process which leads to decline in the soil productivity, low agricultural yield and income. Rajesh kumar mishra, tropical forest research institute. Another cause of accelerated exposure is that exposed subsoils may increase erosion on adjacent areas of a field. Soil erosion is a worldwide challenge for sustainability of agriculture especially in the tropical region. The greatest challenge for sustainable soil management. Causes, effects and types of erosion water, wind, glacier. Extensive erosion also minimizes the depth of soil available for water storage and rooting.

Fire that destroys vegetation and triggers erosion has the same effect. Soil erosion effects on soil productivity southwest watershed. The flow of rivers and streams causes valley erosion. Irving wallace library soil erosion issues in agriculture edited by danilo godone and silvia stanchi isbn 978 953 307 435 1 pdf isbn 978 953 51 4916 3 published 2011 10. When the rivers and streams are full of soil deposits due to sedimentation and the valley levels up with the surface. Causes of soil erosion soil erosion occurs when natural forces, such as wind and water, act on the soil. In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a fields topsoil by the natural physical. This loss of cropland to the effects of soil erosion often results in the. Soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade. Pdf effects of soil erosion on agricultural productivity. Runoff washes away the soil particles from sloping and bare lands while wind blows away loose and detached soil particles from flat and unprotected lands. This factsheet looks at the causes and effects of water, wind and tillage erosion on agricultural land. Soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive.